Database & MySQL

What is a Database?

A database is an organized collection of data, generally stored and accessed electronically. The primary purpose of a database is to store data in a structured format so it can be easily retrieved, managed, and updated.

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Types of Databases

There are several types of databases, including:

  • Relational databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL)
  • NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra)
  • Hierarchical databases
  • Network databases
  • Object-oriented databases

For most web applications, relational databases like MySQL are the go-to choice due to their flexibility and robustness.

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What is a DBMS?

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. It allows users to create, retrieve, update, and manage data efficiently.

Popular DBMS software includes:

  • MySQL
  • Oracle
  • SQL Server
  • PostgreSQL
  • SQLite

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Introduction to Relational Databases

A Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) stores data in tables (called relations). Each table consists of rows and columns. RDBMS uses Structured Query Language (SQL) to perform operations like inserting, updating, or retrieving data.

Key Features:


  • Tables with rows and columns
  • Relationships between tables using keys (Primary Key, Foreign Key)
  • Data Integrity and ACID properties

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What is MySQL?

MySQL is a free, open-source RDBMS developed by Oracle. It is widely used in web development, especially with PHP-based applications like WordPress, Joomla, and Drupal.

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Key Features of MySQL

  • Open-source and free
  • Cross-platform support
  • High performance and scalability
  • Secure authentication
  • Support for large databases
  • Replication and clustering

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SQL vs MySQL: Key Differences

Feature SQL MySQL
Definition A language A database system
Ownership ISO/ANSI Standard Oracle Corporation
Use Data manipulation Data storage engine
Commands SELECT, INSERT, etc. Uses SQL commands

SQL is a language, while MySQL is a software that implements SQL to interact with databases.

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Installing and Setting Up MySQL

You can install MySQL on Windows, macOS, or Linux using installers like MySQL Workbench, XAMPP, or package managers like Homebrew and apt-get.

Steps:


  1. Download MySQL from the official website.
  2. Follow the setup wizard.
  3. Create a root password.
  4. Use phpMyAdmin or MySQL Workbench for GUI management.

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MySQL Data Types

Some common MySQL data types include:

  • INT: Integer numbers
  • VARCHAR(n): Variable length string
  • TEXT: Large text data
  • DATE: Date format
  • DECIMAL(p, s): Precision numbers
  • BOOLEAN: True/False

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MySQL Queries: CRUD Operations

a. CREATE TABLE


CREATE TABLE users (
  id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR(100),
  email VARCHAR(100)
);

b. INSERT INTO


INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('Alice', 'alice@example.com');

c. SELECT


SELECT * FROM users;

d. UPDATE


UPDATE users SET name = 'Bob' WHERE id = 1;

e. DELETE


DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 1;