The Math object in JavaScript is a built-in object that provides a collection of mathematical constants and
functions. It helps perform tasks like rounding, finding square roots, generating random numbers, and more.
You don’t need to create a Math object — just use Math.method().
1. Math Properties (Constants)
| Property |
Description |
Example |
| Math.PI |
π (Pi) |
3.14159...
|
| Math.E |
Euler’s number |
2.718...
|
| Math.SQRT2 |
Square root of 2 |
1.414...
|
| Math.LN2 |
Natural log of 2 |
0.693... |
Example:
console.log("PI:", Math.PI);
console.log("Euler's number:", Math.E);
2. Rounding Numbers
| Method |
Description |
Example
|
| Math.round(x) |
Rounds to nearest integer |
Math.round(4.7) → 5
|
| Math.floor(x) |
Rounds down to nearest integer |
Math.floor(4.9) → 4
|
| Math.ceil(x) |
Rounds up to nearest integer |
Math.ceil(4.1) → 5
|
| Math.trunc(x) |
Removes decimal part (no rounding) |
Math.trunc(4.9) → 4
|
Example:
console.log(Math.round(4.7)); // 5
console.log(Math.floor(4.7)); // 4
console.log(Math.ceil(4.1)); // 5
console.log(Math.trunc(4.9)); // 4
3. Math Functions
| Function |
Description |
Example |
| Math.sqrt(x) |
Square root |
Math.sqrt(9) → 3
|
| Math.pow(x, y) |
x to the power of y |
Math.pow(2, 3) → 8
|
| Math.abs(x) |
Absolute value |
Math.abs(-5) → 5
|
| Math.max(x, y, ...) |
Returns the largest number |
Math.max(1, 3, 7) → 7
|
| Math.min(x, y, ...) |
Returns the smallest number |
Math.min(1, 3, 7) → 1
|
Example:
console.log(Math.sqrt(16)); // 4
console.log(Math.pow(2, 4)); // 16
console.log(Math.abs(-100)); // 100
console.log(Math.max(1, 5, 10));// 10
console.log(Math.min(1, 5, 10));// 1
4. Random Numbers
| Function |
Description |
Example |
| Math.random() |
Returns a random number (0–1) |
Math.random() → 0.3745...
|
Example – Random Integer Between 1–10:
let randomNum = Math.floor(Math.random() * 10) + 1;
console.log(randomNum);
5. Trigonometric and Logarithmic Functions
| Function |
Description |
Example |
| Math.sin(x) |
Sine (x in radians) |
Math.sin(Math.PI/2) → 1
|
| Math.cos(x) |
Cosine |
Math.cos(0) → 1
|
| Math.log(x) |
Natural log |
Math.log(1) → 0
|
Quick Recap: Common Math Methods
| Task |
Use This |
Example
|
| Round a number |
Math.round() |
Math.round(3.5)
|
| Get square root |
Math.sqrt() |
Math.sqrt(25)
|
| Find power of a number |
Math.pow() |
Math.pow(2, 3)
|
| Get absolute value |
Math.abs() |
Math.abs(-9)
|
| Generate random number |
Math.random() |
Math.random()
|
| Round down or up |
Math.floor(), Math.ceil() |
Math.ceil(3.1)
|