Python datetime, math, and random Module

Python provides built-in modules to simplify tasks such as date and time manipulation, mathematical operations, and generating random values. These modules are:

• datetime – for date and time handling.
• math – for mathematical functions and constants.
• random – for random number generation.

Python datetime Module – Work with Dates and Times

What is the datetime module in Python?

The datetime module in Python provides classes for manipulating dates and times. It supports both date arithmetic and formatting.

Key Classes in datetime:

• datetime.datetime
• datetime.date
• datetime.time
• datetime.timedelta

Example 1: Get Current Date and Time

import datetime

current_dt = datetime.datetime.now()
print("Current Date and Time:", current_dt)

Output:

Current Date and Time: 2025-05-10 14:32:12.123456

Example 2: Format Date

today = datetime.date.today()
formatted_date = today.strftime("%d-%m-%Y")
print("Formatted Date:", formatted_date)

Output:

Formatted Date: 10-05-2025

Example 3: Calculate Future Date Using timedelta

from datetime import timedelta, date

future_date = date.today() + timedelta(days=10)
print("Date after 10 days:", future_date)

Output:

Date after 10 days: 2025-05-20

Python math Module – Perform Advanced Mathematical Operations

What is the math module in Python?

The math module provides access to mathematical functions like square root, power, trigonometric functions, logarithms, and constants like pi and e.

Commonly Used math Functions:

• math.sqrt(x)
• math.pow(x, y)
• math.sin(x)
• math.log(x, base)
• math.pi, math.e

Example 1: Calculate Square Root

import math

result = math.sqrt(25)
print("Square Root of 25 is:", result)

Output:

Square Root of 25 is: 5.0

Example 2: Use of Pi Constant

radius = 7
area = math.pi * math.pow(radius, 2)
print("Area of Circle:", area)

Output:

Area of Circle: 153.93804002589985

Example 3: Trigonometric Functions

angle = math.radians(30)
sin_val = math.sin(angle)
print("Sine of 30 degrees:", sin_val)

Output:

Sine of 30 degrees: 0.49999999999999994

Python random Module – Generate Random Numbers and Values

What is the random module in Python?

The random module is used for generating pseudo-random numbers. It's widely used in simulations, games, data sampling, and testing.

Common random Functions:

• random.random() – float between 0.0 and 1.0
• random.randint(a, b) – random integer
• random.choice(sequence) – random element
• random.shuffle(list) – shuffle a list

Example 1: Generate a Random Float

import random

value = random.random()
print("Random float between 0 and 1:", value)

Output:

Random float between 0 and 1: 0.73423923

Example 2: Generate Random Integer

num = random.randint(1, 100)
print("Random Integer between 1 and 100:", num)

Output:

Random Integer between 1 and 100: 57

Example 3: Random Choice from List

colors = ['Red', 'Green', 'Blue', 'Yellow']
picked = random.choice(colors)
print("Randomly Picked Color:", picked)

Output:

Randomly Picked Color: Blue

Example 4: Shuffle a List

deck = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
random.shuffle(deck)
print("Shuffled Deck:", deck)

Output:

Shuffled Deck: [3, 1, 5, 4, 2]